Citing a Source in Discussion Posts
1. Parenthetical Citation
A parenthetical citation appears at the end of the paraphrased information, and includes the author name(s) and publication date in parentheses.
2. Narrative Citation
In a narrative citation, the author name(s) is incorporated into the sentence, and the publication year is included in parentheses right after the author name(s).
3. References
A references section appears at the end of your discussion post. The reference section includes full citations in alphabetical order. You can use NoodleTools to keep track of your sources and create a references list.
Sample Discussion Board Post
Examples
Reference Page & Citation Examples for One or More Authors
| Full citation for reference page | Narrative citation | Parenthetical citation | |
| One author |
Grama, J. L. (2020). Legal and privacy issues in information security (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. |
Grama (2020) | (Grama, 2020) |
| Two authors |
Whitman, M. E., & Mattord, H. J. (2021). Principles of information security (7th ed.). Cengage. |
Whitman and Mattord (2021) | (Whitman & Mattord, 2021) |
| Three or more authors |
Adeleh, A., Asefeh, A., Ko, A., & Alibeigi, A. (2022). An integrated model for evaluation of big data challenges and analytical methods in recommender systems. Journal of Big Data, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-022-00560-z |
Adeleh et al. (2022) | (Adeleh et al., 2022) |
Reference Page Examples - Specific Types of Sources
| Full citation for reference page | Narrative citation | Parenthetical citation | Notes | |
| Blog post |
Kim, F. (2022, July 28). Benefits of entering the cloud. SANS Cyber Security Blog. https://www.sans.org/blog/benefits-entering-cloud/ |
Kim (2022) | (Kim, 2022) | Include the title of the post and the URL, as well as the date retrieved |
| Website (not a journal article or blog post) |
Seals, T. (2022, July 11). Patch madness: Vendor bug advisories are broken, so broken. Dark Reading. Retrieved August 16, 2022, from https://www.darkreading.com/risk/patch-madness-vendor-bug-advisories-broken |
Seals (2020) | (Seals, 2020) | Include the date retrieved and URL |